(from L), French sculptor Cesar, French actress Laure Marsac, Italian actress Gina Lollobrigida and US actor Kirk Douglas pose next to a cake to mark the 10th nuit des Cesar ceremony, on February 02, 1980, in Paris. Background, film producer Georges Cravenne.  AFP PHOTO JEAN-LOUP GAUTREAU / PIERRE VERDY (Photo by - / AFP)
Cover (from L), French sculptor Cesar, French actress Laure Marsac, Italian actress Gina Lollobrigida and US actor Kirk Douglas pose next to a cake to mark the 10th nuit des Cesar ceremony, on February 02, 1980, in Paris. Background, film producer Georges Cravenne. AFP PHOTO JEAN-LOUP GAUTREAU / PIERRE VERDY (Photo by - / AFP)
One of the most high-profile and controversial national film awards around the world

Inspired by the Oscars

The US Oscars were the inspiration behind the creation of the Cesar awards in 1975, the idea of French producer Georges Cravenne to acknowledge those working in France's film industry. It takes its name from the French sculptor Cesar Baldaccini, a friend of Cravenne and the designer of the Cesar trophy.

The first award ceremony took place at the now-shuttered Theatre de l'Empire in Paris on April 3, 1976, with some 1,700 people attending the three-hour event broadcast live on French television. More recently the glitzy ceremony has been held at the central Paris Chatelet theatre, attracting the most glamorous figures from French cinema. Winners receive a hefty bronze statue weighing 3.7 kilogrammes (8.1 pounds) of compressed, layered shapes—quite a contrast to the sleek human figure of its American inspiration.

'Opaqueness' and 'Dysfunction'

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20th May 1980:  The celebrated film director, Roman Polanski.  (Photo by Central Press/Getty Images)
Above Roman Polanski (Photo: Courtesy of Central Press/Getty Images)

Over the years the Cesar awards have been dogged by criticism of elitism, often snubbing films that have been popular among French audiences in favour of more supposedly high-brow offerings. In 2009, director and comedian Dany Boon threatened to boycott the ceremony after his film Welcome to the Sticks—the most successful French film of all time—received just one nomination.

Responding to the pressure nearly a decade later, the Cesar academy created a separate category for the highest-grossing film of the year. But the Cesar has been further weakened by its embroilment with the affair involving filmmaker Polanski, a fugitive from the US since he was convicted for the statutory rape of a 13-year-old in 1978. In 2017 Polanski was forced to decline the academy's offer to lead the jury, following outrage from women's groups and government officials.

Two years later, with the release of his latest film An Officer and a Spy, feminist groups protested when it topped with 12 picks the list of nominations for the 2020 Cesar ceremony to be held on February 28. The shortlisting of Polanski's film was condemned by France's equality minister, women's groups and film critics, but the academy said it could not be expected to take "moral positions" when awarding films.

And in a broader swipe in open letter published on February 11, more than 200 actors, producers, directors and movie personalities denounced the "dysfunction" at the academy, the "opaqueness" in its accounts and the lack of change to its founding statutes. Three days later the entire board of the Cesar academy resigned.

Honouring Foreign Stars

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LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA - JANUARY 07: Kristen Stewart arrives at a special fan screening of 20th Century Fox's "Underwater" at Alamo Drafthouse Cinema on January 07, 2020 in Los Angeles, California. (Photo by Kevin Winter/Getty Images)
Above Kristen Stewart (Photo: Courtesy of Kevin Winter/Getty Images)

In 2015, US actress and Twilight star Kristen Stewart became the first American actress ever to win a Cesar, for her supporting role opposite Juliette Binoche in Clouds of Sils Maria. This was the same year US film star Sean Penn received an honorary Cesar, the only category along with Best Foreign Film that awards international talent. George Clooney, Michael Douglas, Kevin Costner and Scarlett Johansson have all been previous recipients of the honorary Cesar.

Related: 'Parasite' Makes Oscars History With Stunning Best Picture Win

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