The rugged terrain of Masungi Georeserve stands against a backdrop of pinkish-blue skies as the sun descends. (Photo: Courtesy of Masungi Georeserve/Facebook)
Cover The rugged terrain of Masungi Georeserve stands against a backdrop of pinkish-blue skies as the sun descends (Photo: Masungi Georeserve/Facebook)

The Masungi Georeserve, a conservation area about an hour-and-a-half away from Metro Manila, is facing yet another hurdle: the possible cancellation of the landmark agreement that brought it into existence

From property developers and quarry operators to illegal loggers and poachers, everyone wants a piece of the Masungi Georeserve.

Located more than an hour from Metro Manila, the 450-hectare private reserve is tucked away in the rainforests of the Philippines’ longest mountain range in the Rizal province. It is a vital conservation area home to over 400 species of flora and fauna, including rare and endangered ones.

Geotourism efforts and international recognition as a destination to preserve, however, have not prevented it from continuously being a target for exploitation. Land-grabbing, deforestation and quarrying are persistent threats, casting shadows over its environmental integrity and conservation efforts.

Read more: Eco-activists and sisters Ann and Billie Dumaliang on dealing with setbacks and armed resistance
 
Sisters Ann and Billie Dumaliang run the foundation that manages the conservation and tourism programmes in the reserve—and have spoken extensively of the challenges they’ve encountered in trying to protect this area paradise.

Two years later, the threat to this paradise seems more dangerous than ever.

Latest headlines on Masungi Georeserve’s plight have highlighted a possible cancellation of the landmark agreement that birthed the reserve. As this natural gem faces renewed threats, here’s what you need to know.

Tatler Asia
Above Alongside her sister, Billie Dumaliang is the co-founder and managing trustee of the Masungi Georeserve Foundation (Photo: Wesley Villarica)
Tatler Asia
Above Ann Dumaliang (Photo: Wesley Villarica)

The agreement under threat

Since climate change advocate Toni Yulo Loyzaga was appointed as the Philippines’ environment secretary in 2022, it took a congressional investigation into the management of protected areas for her to speak about the 2017 agreement between the Department of Energy and Natural Resources (DENR) and the Masungi Georeserve Foundation (MGFI). However, the revelation was unfavourable: the environment department intends to cancel the contract.

“The legal grounds for the cancellation are what we’re calling void ab initio, given the advice of the Department of Justice (DOJ),” DENR secretary Loyzagatold senators during a recent live hearing.

“Who will benefit from this plan? Neither the Filipino people nor the environment,” said Billie, in response to remarks made by Loyzaga, whose appointment two years ago was supported by MGFI.

Billie stressed that the plan betrays the government’s statements that it is serious about protecting the environment, especially conservation areas. “Only the large-scale fraudulent claimants, land grabbers, quarries and swimming pool resorts have lobbied for the project’s cancellation because [the cancellation] will benefit them,” she said in a separate interview with the media.

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MGFI forged the groundbreaking agreement with former interim environment secretary, Gina Lopez, an environmentalist and philanthropist. The agreement gave the foundation the responsibility to reforest and rehabilitate nearly 3,000 hectares of degraded land in Rizal, situated east of Metro Manila.

Since the announcement by Loyzagatold, numerous environmental groups have shown support for MGFI. They have also called on the DENR to explore negotiations and open dialogues with the foundation, expressing concern that cancelling the agreement could make Masungi Georeserve vulnerable to exploitation and set a harmful precedent for conservation projects in the Philippines.

Rock park genesis

The Masungi Georeserve has had a rocky journey to reach its current status.

In the 1990s, the rock garden was riddled with deforestation and rampant land-grabbing, along with threats of illegal logging and large-scale quarrying. But the Dumaliang family, led by the sisters’ father Ben, and his team saw hope in the denuded land and decided to redirect its fate towards preservation. They abandoned their initial housing development plans in favour of creating a park.

Young Ann and Billie would accompany their father on his trips as he worked on restoring the limestone forest to its former glory. Their efforts slowly paid off, as trees grew taller, wildlife became richer and the forest cover thickened. In 2016, the sisters started MGFI to build on their father’s legacy.

Read more: “Resilience is a muscle that gets stronger as it is exercised”: Conservationist Ann Dumaliang on overcoming eco-anxiety

A year later, their foundation forged an agreement with the DENR. Masungi had already been proclaimed a protected area and classified as a “secondary forest” with its thriving native tree species since 2011.

Since the establishment of MGFI, it received local and international accolades, including the prestigious United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal Action Award in 2022 for its efforts to protect and restore degraded forests ravaged by commercial activities. 

The Masungi Georeserve is also a crucial watershed that regulates water flow to Metro Manila, shielding 20 million Filipinos living in low-lying areas from landslides and floods. It also serves as a model of conservation, showcasing how innovative tourism and minimal human impact design can harmonise with nature preservation efforts.

I wonder how people can prioritise their own interests to the extent of using violence and lies, knowing how many others can get unfairly hurt in the process

- Ann Dumaliang -

Ongoing threats

Wind farm controversy

The latest uproar surrounding the Masungi Georeserve involves the construction of 12 massive wind turbines. Photos shared by the foundation showed drilling rigs and other equipment within the conservation area, discovered during a routine drone surveillance in 2023. According to Billie, meetings have been held with the company involved but it has not expressed any intention to change its plans.

The company’s operation was initially presented as a study of the area’s wind energy potential. Still, there have been concerns about its location within conservation and ancestral domain areas, and its progression toward commercial development.

“You can develop a place and introduce enhancements, but only to enhance the character of the place, not to destroy or change [it],” said Billie.

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Jails within Masungi?

News about the possible cancellation of the reserve’s agreement with the Philippine government reignited a previous conflict between MGFI and the country’s Bureau of Corrections (BuCor). In 2023, the government agency announced that it is eyeing to build a new national penitentiary complex within the reserve, following a presidential proclamation that granted them 270-hectare property rights in the conservation area.

This prompted MGFI to voice their opposition, to which BuCor agreed to suspend its plans. Last Tuesday, BuCor confirmed that these plans have been cancelled and instead, it will establish a detachment facility for the reserve’s forest rangers to safeguard their property.

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People at stake

The defenders of Masungi Georeserve are also facing risks to their lives by being present on the ground. 

In 2022, for instance, over 30 armed individuals illegally encamped within the reserve with the intent of seizing control over 300 hectares of land, endangering forest rangers and staff of the foundation. Similar clashes with armed resistance have also occurred over the years since the reserve was established.

It is currently unclear if Loyzaga has greenlighted the cancellation of the agreement, but Ann asserts that she and her team at the foundation are “ready to defend” it legally. 

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